Pokney From the Pyre PM Panday Patni/Wife & Progeny Poke the Patriarchy!
Lingering remnants of socially proscribed ancient subjugation of women on death of her husband went up in flames in the pyre of former Prime Minister Basdeo Panday.
Panday died on January 1, 2024 and was cremated at the Shore of Peace on January 9, 2024 after a State farewell service at SAPA.
It is typical Panday-style to poke the status quo, so one could expect no less from his funeral pyre. Pokney is the local Bhojpuri derivation of the tool used to poke and coax the flames of a fire – See image below see link .
Literarily by Dr Kris
Patni/Progeny Persistent Presence to the Pyre
In this, Trinidad and Tobago’s first State Funeral and Cremation according to Hindu Rites, Panday’s Patni/wife, Oma, and progeny Niala, Mickela, Nicola, Vastala and granddaughters lead in his Antyesti/death rituals.
Oma and their daughters prominently featured both at the funeral service at the Southern Academy of the Performing Arts (SAPA) and the Shore of Peace cremation site.
Mrs Oma Panday sat on stage with her family at SAPA and performed all proscribed rituals at the pyre. Oma performed final rituals as aarti (offering of light), then bowed and touched Panday’s feet. Bowing to the feet of someone is an act of respect, reverence, honour and humility. Oma also knelt in a final personal prayer, patted the head and laid her hands on the heart of her husband of some 40 years.
This defies the traditionally proscribed role for women who in orthodox practice are expected to become invisible at funerals.
Spotlight on Caribbean Cultures
As a State Funeral and First State Hindu Cremation, former PM Panday’s last rites gave considerable spotlight and prominence to IndoCaribbean cultural practices and Hindu cremation, as it was widely televised and streamed online across the global diasporas.
Panday became Trinidad and Tobago’s fifth Prime Minister in 1995 after more than forty years laboriously trying to dent the neo-colonial status quo and reduce marginalisation. Read more about this, the Silver Fox Who Dared Lions here .
Pokney From the Pyre PM Panday Patni/Wife Progeny Poke Patriarchy! – read on for more .
Invisible cultures
Although Hinduism came with Indians and their cultural practices to the Caribbean in the mid-19th century, adding to the rich continuum of multicultural communities from indigeneous First Peoples to new migrants, these have remained relatively invisible to the broader status quo. This is further inhibited by conservatism in some elements of the community.
In the orthodox version of Hinduism promoted, wives and daughters are traditionally restricted from participating in rituals at husband’s/father’s funerary rites. It is a relic of the ancient Suti practice that has been largely discontinued (read more about this below). A new generation and greater consciousness about equality and equal rights for women is shattering the glass ceiling and now opening up closeted and cloistered traditions.
The services were conducted by Pundit Artma Maharaj and others as Panday’s nephew Pundit Vishnu, of the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha’s (SDMS) Pundit’s Parishad. The SDMS orthodox conventions have traditionally disallowed and disapproved of women’s active participation in Antyesti/final funerary rites (other than their own!)
Challenge to Status Quo
Panday has made a lifetime career of challenging the status quo, from pushing the boundaries of accepted employment practices in the sugar cane fields, including child labour, to his numerous challenges to the ill-fitted neocolonial Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago which walled him in as a Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition, inhibiting his performance as a change agent.
Parting Pokes to the Patriarchy from the Pyre
In addition to what promises to be his Parting Punch, and Last Parlance, (read more in link) even as he lay in his casket at the SAPA and then the funeral pyre at the Shore of Peace Cremation site, Panday took a few more pokes at the dominant patriarchy and the status quo.
Wife Oma tosses-out Relic of Suti widow-burning
Mrs Oma Panday was very present throughout the final rites at the public venues. She performed aarti, offering of fire, and placed her hands on Panday’s heart as his body was being prepared for cremation. Even as her presence recalls the discontinued Suti practice in which Indian widows were force to, or voluntarily threw themselves into their husband’s pyre, in dread of the stigma and social circumstances attached to widows, it also defied the remaining relics of that practice.
As I have noted elsewhere, the Suti practice was one of the first to be discarded by Indian Indentured immigrants to the Caribbean which offered a new liberal environment for empowerment of women. It is part of our unfolding unfinished gender agenda into the post pandemic – or with the potential new upsurge of COVID-19, the neo-Pandemic period.
Pokney From the Pyre PM Panday Patni/Wife Progeny Poke Patriarchy! Read on for more!
Precedence in Prominence
While it is not the first time wives and daughters have performed final rites in Trinidad and Tobago or elsewhere in the diaspora, the funeral of the former Prime Minister, Basdeo Panday’s Antyesti/final rites performed in full glare of attendees and global (televised/online) communities has given the issue prominence and new spotlight. It certainly provides precedence to others who may wish to participate in evolving the traditions and ‘find and equal place’ in our society.
Core members of the orthodox Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha’s Pundit’s Parishad presiding, guiding and participating, strengthen the case for discontinuance of these irrelevant relics of an archaic tradition towards new era for recognition of the equality of Hindu and Indian women in our societies!
Emblematic Renaming of School
The SDMS has also pledged to rename the Shiva Boy’s College in Panday’s name! The implication of this for a new generation of men is discussed below.
Pundit Honoured to Perform Panday Samskara
‘It is both an honour and a sombre responsibility that I have been invited by the family to conduct the Antyesti Samskara/final rites and rituals of one of the most distinguished and loved citizens of Trinidad and Tobago,’ Pundit Artma Maharaj of the SDMS Pundits’ Parishad said, as he presided over the national farewell to PM Panday and conducted final funerary rites at SAPA.
In his eulogy, Pundit Artma surmised that as the ultimate servant-leader, Panday’s soul, restless at unfulfilled dream for Constitutional reform, may reincarnate to compete the task.
Pokney From the Pyre PM Panday Patni/Wife Progeny Poke Patriarchy! Read on for more about this potential reincarnation!
Panday Pledge From His Death Bed
PM Panday’s brother in his eulogy at SAPA revealed that on his death bed, Panday’s final pledge, witnessed by his doctor and wife Oma, was to convert an element of family property as a shelter for battered women and children! It is touching that PM Panday, even in his last moments, was thinking of advancing the equality and betterment of women ad children in the society.
Pokney From the Pyre PM Panday Patni/Wife Progeny Poke Patriarchy! Read on for more
I could say much about the implications of working for change and social justice as I outlined in the pioneering inaugural Multimedia Microepic Biopic One Night To Bloom.
As all of us striving for social justice and social change, Panday’s has lived the ramifications of challenging the status quo.
Altering, adapting, adopting new society
As I have consistently presented through research, from the moment they boarded Indentured Immigrant ships from India to Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean in the mid-19th Century, the traditional roles of Indian – Hindu and Muslim – women began to be altered. Adopting and adapting to a new society provided greater empowerment opportunities.
I have done numerous presentations in this regard, including my tongue-in-cheek Clandestine Confessions that traces the attitude of my great great grandmother who left India for Trinidad as an indenture, ditched the Suti practice on death of her husband, took a second spouse and spawned our dynasty! Yes, humour and picong in the DNA too!
Panday’s Progressive Punches
Panday, known for his relentless gnashing at discrimination and inequality, as those embedded and institutionalised through an ill-fitting colonially-derived Constitution, even in death continues to sneer at stereotypes and challenge the status-quo!
Interfaith Prayers
The farewell service for Panday held at the Southern Academy for the Performing Arts saw interfaith prayers from First Peoples, Islamic, Presbyterian, Spiritual Baptists, Orishas, Arya Samaj, Catholic and Anglican Faiths attesting to Panday’s wide religious reach.
Pundits of SDMS Parishad Preside over Panday Last Rites
Significantly, too, pundits of the orthodox Pundit’s Parishad of the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha (SDMS) presided over all the rituals performed for Panday’s funeral that have pushed conventional Hindu cremation practice to the limits!
The Pandit’s Parishad is headed by SDMS Dharmacharya Pundit Rampersad Parasram. He is a descendant of a line of SDMS Pundits spawned by his grandfather, Pundit Jadoonath, an indentured Indian immigrant from Soorangpur, Bihar in 1909 and Goomtee, daughter of Chanda Maharaj. His father, also called Pundit Parasram, founded the Pundit’s Parishad for the SDMS.
A medical doctor and former Chief Medical Officer – a post which his nephew Roshan, now occupies – Dr Rampersad Parasram was one of the founders of the United National Congress along with Panday, John Humphrey and now deceased Kelvin Ramnath. Parasram was not seen at the SAPA service for Panday nor at the Cremation Site at the Shore of Peace in South Trinidad.
Post Pandemic Pathways
The Panday’s funerary shattering of the persistent paternalistic patriarchal pyre rituals continues a post-pandemic trend in which absence or loss of sons or male relatives resulted in some women taking up the challenge to perform funeral rites.
Across the diaspora, women have been challenging the orthodox practice that deny widows a place and role in their husband’s last rites as a persistent patriarchal remnant of the discriminatory Suti practice. n India too, women have been challenging.
Why have women been traditionally denied Rights to Rites
In a religion that proclaims the most intimate understanding of the nature of the intransient soul – weapons cannot destroy, nor fire burn, nor water wet, nor wind dry the soul (Krishna to Arjuna in Bhagavat Gita Chapter 2 Vs 23) most of the arguments used to justify traditional denial of a place to women at Hindu cremations as the male relative as a conduit for the safe delivery of the soul to the netherworld, the need for shaving of head in the next steps of the final rituals, seem too shallow to repeat. Much of these practices have grown up around social customs that were relevant to particular periods of social development.
Glass Ceiling of Women’s Equality and Political Rights
Breaking the mold continues and complements the trend towards women’s rights and gender equality that we advocated for the political arena in our campaign that A Woman’s Place Is In the House (of Parliament)!
This campaign, Dare To Be A Woman Agent of Change which was aligned to the Women Agents of Change Initiative which has now been adopted globally, incidentally, saw Panday swept out of party and political office by the First Woman Prime Minister in Kamla Persad-Bissessar, now Leader of the Opposition, as detailed in my book, Through the Political Glass Ceiling – Race to Prime Ministership by Trinidad and Tobago’s First Female. (Make contact to order copies for schools, communities here or through my social media!)
Parting Bequeathment From his Death Bed
In a parting act, as outlined by his brother Subhash at his funeral, former PM Panday – ever-occupied with alleviating the distress of the poor and deprived, on his death-bed requested that a particular inherited family property in the birth district we share, be utilised to help battered women and children!
Boys’ Education In Focus Too!
The SDMS also declared intentions to rebrand its Shiva Boy’s College in Panday’s name. Hopefully, that rebranding would also serve to advance through education, revision of stereotypical male attitudes and behaviour towards women that could dent the persistently high incidents of violence against women in Trinidad and Tobago.
Positive Paths to Dent Persistent Abuse of Women
More than 30 percent of women in Trinidad and Tobago suffer some form of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse from partners, according to official estimates.
I reiterate that as staggering as those statistics seem, they under-represent the degree of the dilemma as they do not delve into the equally pertinent issues of institutionalised violence that feed and ferment and result in the high incidence of crime and violence against women in broader than domestic contexts, in social spheres.
Institutionalised violence and internalized negative attitudes towards women along with the supportive roles women as homemakers have played in achievements of daughters is one of the many issues of the Anthropocene I confront in the MultiMedia MicroEpic Biopic, One Night To Bloom, that ushered in the world’s newest creative genre, adapts the long-form classical epic for short-form new multimedia when it was launched to Commonwealth scholars!
Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage
For those who have asked that I place this in context of my regional and international engagements for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage which includes rites, rituals and festivals, here’s some food for thought.
Engaging Communities to Safeguard Heritage without Bias
In working with communities, we build awareness of the need to both support traditions as those that assign separate spaces to men and women based on consent of members of that community. But how do we know what to keep and what to throw out?
The communities decide, but at the same time, communities must be mindful that such traditions should not violate any national or international human rights laws. Such laws would include those practices that discrimination against women. We have had several elements of traditional practices across the world which could not stand-up to this litmus test!
Equal Opportunities in an Equal Place
Having fought against marginalisations of numerous groups, rural communities, women and children, PM Panday has held one of the prime achievements of his regime as establishing the equal opportunities Act and its enabling mechanism the Equal Opportunities Commission to level the playing field for various groups in the society which would include gender and cultural communities as it does for workers and others.
Cultural change through revolution or evolution
As I have traced in the processes of society-forming and cultural adaptation in multicultural Trinidad and Tobago in my dissertation/book Finding a Place (please make contact to support, update as multimedia edition and digitisation of GloCaL Knowledge Pot Archives) cultural custom may change by revolution or evolution, from absorption or assimilation of other cultural practices, become archaic, or just from disuse.
For example, ever since Indians came to Trinidad through mid 19th century colonial indentureship, they began discarding inhibiting elements of Indian society and culture, traced in Finding a Place, now out of print (support digitisation). Foremost among these was the Indian Caste System. Incidentally, I have also argued elsewhere that they discarded that to adopt the British caste-class system.
Connecting with Ancestry
Panday himself, in an official visit to reconnect his roots to ancestors in India had to explain why his forebears, of a Brahmin caste, married an Ahir, categorised as lower caste. Indian women in Trinidad and other parts of the Caribbean as Suriname and Guyana quickly discarded traditional roles and emerged as independent breadwinners in the formation of the new society that began altering the status quo.
Pokney From the Pyre PM Panday Patni/Wife Progeny Poke Patriarchy!
Denied right to perform rites
I recall being asked to let males perform final rites for Ma and my brother whose death followed shortly after, although I was one of their primary care-givers to the end. Ma herself was prohibited from performing funeral rites for Pa, and her children who died before her as were many women, even in families where there were no sons, as PM Panday’s. I am sure her soul is celebrating this new liberation with Panday, who she called her brother, as we share common birth village, early multicultural socialisation and schooling. These broad themes and struggles are explored in the developing MotherContinent – MultiMedia MicroEpic Biopic of the Anthropocene in the forms and format of this new creative genre that adapts the classical long from epic for new multimedia.
Patriarchy Embedded in Cultural Practice
Persistent Patriarchal attitudes towards women are embedded in cultural practices and are internalised by social agents as teachers, religious leaders and care-givers, including women, who pass theses on to boys and girls, perpetuating cultures of violence and other negative social behaviours.
Challenging negative attitudes towards women and girls embedded in cultural practice begins a process of changing attitudes towards the place and role of women in society.
What’s In A Name?
During the funeral rituals, Pundits led the gathering in chanting the Mantra Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya. It means “Om, I bow to Lord V?sudeva or Lord Vishnu.” Incidentally, Hindus are encouraged to name their children after Godheads so in calling out to their child on deathbed, a parent establishes a path to liberation ofthe soul/moksha! Incidentally, the name Basdeo is a corruption of the name Vasudeva in the mantra!
The SDMS proposed renaming of the Shiva Boys College after Panday multiplies with significance. It sends a signal to boys to emulate Panday’s struggle for the poor, underprivileged, marginalised and alienated and to honour and respect the equal place and roles of women.
Impatient at Reincarnation
Impatient of the wait to be reincarnated, Panday has shown that he can reach-out from beyond the pyre to force the changes he envisioned and tasks that remain incomplete. Effectively too, it is not farfetched to acknowledge that we reincarnate, too, in the many whom we have mentored and who would take our teachings and vision forward into next generations! Ram Nam Satya Hai!
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About Dr Kris Rampersad
Dr Kris Rampersad is an independent International Global thought leader, scholar, award-winning journalist, multimedia innovator and development specialist on SIDS and the Global South.
She was a Commonwealth Professional Fellow and has served as former Vice President of the Commonwealth Journalists’ Association, President of UNESCO Education Commission, Vice President of UNESCO Programme and External Relations Commission and Vice President of the Consultative Body of UNESCO InterGovernmental Committee on Intangible Cultural Heritage and Media Specialist/Adviser to the Commonwealth Foundation.
Dr Kris Rampersad invented the world’s newest creative genre, the MultiMedia MicroEpic that adopts and adapts the long-form classical epic for short-form new media which she piloted to the Commonwealth Scholars Forum at the height of the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Her web platform, the GloCaL Knowledge Pot features her developing multimedia expositions of CEIBA-EDUtainment, novel creations that blend education and entertainment for all ages and sectors from pre-school to policy-making through traditional, conventional and new media forms. Dr Rampersad is a National Geographic Educator, UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Facilitator, Global Woman Techmakers’ Ambassador, Google Digital Skills Ambassador and Small Island Innovators’ Ambassador. Internationally, she has served variously as President of the UNESCO Education Commission, Vice President of UNESCO Programme and External Relations Commission, Vice President and Independent Member of the Consultative Body to the InterGovernmental Committee on Intangible Cultural Heritage and Vice President of the Commonwealth Journalists’ Association. More at this link:
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